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Perimenopause vs. Menopause: Understanding the Transition
Reviewed by Dr. Kenneth Barron, MD
Navigating the transition from perimenopause to menopause can feel like a whirlwind of changes. Perimenopause is the phase leading up to menopause, marked by hormonal changes and shifts in your menstrual cycle. Menopause, on the other hand, begins when you’ve gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. Understanding what sets them apart is key to managing your symptoms and finding relief.
What is Perimenopause?
This phase can start years before your menstrual periods stop entirely, typically in your 40s but sometimes earlier. During perimenopause, your estrogen levels fluctuate, which can lead to noticeable changes in your body and mood.
What are the Hormonal Changes that Occur During Perimenopause?
Your body begins to produce less estrogen and progesterone, two hormones that regulate your menstrual cycle. These changes often tend to occur gradually and can lead to irregular periods as ovulation becomes less consistent. You might notice your cycle becoming shorter, longer, or more unpredictable. Testosterone, another hormone, might also decline during this time, affecting your energy levels, libido, and muscle mass.
Symptoms of Perimenopause Can Include:
- Irregular periods that are shorter, longer, heavier, or lighter
- Abnormal bleeding, such as spotting between cycles
- Hot flashes that vary in intensity and frequency
- Night sweats that disrupt your sleep
- Sleep disturbances affecting your energy levels
- Mood swings or irritability
- Vaginal dryness that might cause discomfort
These perimenopause symptoms will vary from person to person.
What is Menopause?
Menopause is the official end of your menstrual cycle. This occurs when your ovaries stop releasing eggs, and estrogen levels drop significantly. Once a woman has gone 12 months without a menstrual period, she’s officially in menopause. There are biochemical findings when this moment arrives: estrogen levels are very low to undetectable and the Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) becomes very high because the ovary is not responding to the signaling from the brian to make more estrogen.
Symptoms of Menopause Can Include:
- Severe hot flashes that can disrupt daily life
- Persistent vaginal dryness causing discomfort during intimacy or even daily
- Fatigue and lack of energy
- Joint pain
- Thinning hair
- Skin dryness and texture changes
While menopause is a natural phase, the menopausal symptoms can feel overwhelming for some.
Does Everyone Experience Perimenopause?
No, not every woman will experience perimenopause. For some, the menopausal transition happens suddenly, particularly in cases of early menopause or premature menopause caused by medical interventions like surgery or chemotherapy.
For most women, however, hormonal changes during perimenopause lead to noticeable shifts before menopause arrives.
Is There Treatment for Perimenopause and Menopause?
Yes. While these phases are natural, treatments can help alleviate uncomfortable symptoms. Options can include:
- Hormone therapy or hormone replacement therapy to balance estrogen levels
- Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants to relieve vaginal dryness
- Lifestyle changes, like regular exercise and a balanced diet, to reduce hot flashes and mood swings
- Medications for managing irregular periods or night sweats
If you experience any of the symptoms associated with perimenopause or menopause, it can be helpful to schedule a consultation. This way, you can find out all the options for your symptoms, especially if they negatively impact your quality of life.
Get Help From The Center For Advanced Gynecology
If you’re experiencing perimenopause or menopause, or suspect you might be, you don’t have to face this stage alone. Talking with a healthcare provider can help you find a treatment plan that works for you. The Center for Advanced Gynecology is here to support you through this natural transition with personalized care and treatments that fit your lifestyle. Whether you’re just noticing early signs or already navigating menopause, you can feel empowered every step of the way.